VNC_SETUP

i[bikash@ip-stb1 Desktop]$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:58
          inet addr:192.168.10.87  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b358/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:780 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:43 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:62220 (60.7 KiB)  TX bytes:4805 (4.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2024

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:62
          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b362/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:792 (792.0 b)  TX bytes:986 (986.0 b)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x20a4

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:6C
          inet addr:192.168.1.111  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b36c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:782 (782.0 b)  TX bytes:746 (746.0 b)
          Interrupt:16 Base address:0x2424

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:23128 (22.5 KiB)  TX bytes:23128 (22.5 KiB)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:CF:5C:D7
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

[bikash@ip-stb1 Desktop]$ su -
Password:
su: incorrect password
[bikash@ip-stb1 Desktop]$ s -
bash: s: command not found
[bikash@ip-stb1 Desktop]$ su -
Password:
su: incorrect password
[bikash@ip-stb1 Desktop]$ su -
Password:
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# yum groupinstall Desktop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.vcu.edu
 * extras: mirror.thelinuxfix.com
 * updates: reflect.cs.princeton.edu
Package nautilus-2.28.4-19.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:control-center-2.28.1-39.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gvfs-smb-1.4.3-18.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package xdg-user-dirs-gtk-0.8-7.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-power-manager-2.28.3-7.el6_4.i686 already installed and latest version
Package alsa-plugins-pulseaudio-1.0.21-3.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package at-spi-1.28.1-2.el6.centos.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:gdm-2.30.4-64.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package notification-daemon-0.5.0-1.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:NetworkManager-0.8.1-75.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-75.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package polkit-gnome-0.96-4.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-session-2.28.0-22.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-terminal-2.31.3-8.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-panel-2.30.2-15.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gvfs-fuse-1.4.3-18.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package metacity-2.28.0-23.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-screensaver-2.28.3-28.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package yelp-2.28.1-17.el6_3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:dbus-1.2.24-7.el6_3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gvfs-archive-1.4.3-18.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:gdm-user-switch-applet-2.30.4-64.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:control-center-extra-2.28.1-39.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package eog-2.28.2-4.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-packagekit-2.28.3-9.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gok-2.28.1-5.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-media-2.29.91-6.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package gnome-vfs2-smb-2.24.2-6.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package openssh-askpass-5.3p1-104.el6_6.1.i686 already installed and latest version
Package pulseaudio-module-x11-0.9.21-17.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package pulseaudio-module-gconf-0.9.21-17.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:gnome-applets-2.28.0-7.el6.centos.i686 already installed and latest version
Package orca-2.28.2-1.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Package vino-2.28.1-9.el6_4.i686 already installed and latest version
Package 1:gdm-plugin-fingerprint-2.30.4-64.el6.i686 already installed and latest version
Warning: Group basic-desktop does not have any packages.
No packages in any requested group available to install or update
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# yum install tigervnc-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.vcu.edu
 * extras: mirror.thelinuxfix.com
 * updates: mirrors.seas.harvard.edu
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tigervnc-server.i686 0:1.1.0-16.el6.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-misc for package: tigervnc-server-1.1.0-16.el6.centos.i686
--> Running transaction check
---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-misc.noarch 0:7.2-9.1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                 Arch       Version                   Repository   Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 tigervnc-server         i686       1.1.0-16.el6.centos       updates     1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
 xorg-x11-fonts-misc     noarch     7.2-9.1.el6               base        5.8 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 6.8 M
Installed size: 9.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): tigervnc-server-1.1.0-16.el6.centos.i686.rpm      | 1.0 MB     00:00  
(2/2): xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.2-9.1.el6.noarch.rpm        | 5.8 MB     00:04  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           1.2 MB/s | 6.8 MB     00:05  
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.2-9.1.el6.noarch                       1/2
  Installing : tigervnc-server-1.1.0-16.el6.centos.i686                     2/2
  Verifying  : tigervnc-server-1.1.0-16.el6.centos.i686                     1/2
  Verifying  : xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.2-9.1.el6.noarch                       2/2

Installed:
  tigervnc-server.i686 0:1.1.0-16.el6.centos                                  

Dependency Installed:
  xorg-x11-fonts-misc.noarch 0:7.2-9.1.el6                                    

Complete!
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# vncviewer -via sham@192.168.10.86 localhost:2

TigerVNC Viewer for X version 1.1.0 - built Oct 30 2014 12:39:57
Copyright (C) 1999-2011 TigerVNC Team and many others (see README.txt)
See http://www.tigervnc.org for information on TigerVNC.
sham@192.168.10.86's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
sham@192.168.10.86's password:

Sat Jan  3 06:54:52 2015
 CConn:       connected to host localhost port 40003
channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused

Sat Jan  3 06:54:56 2015
 main:        End of stream
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# vncviewer -via 192.168.10.86 localhost:2

TigerVNC Viewer for X version 1.1.0 - built Oct 30 2014 12:39:57
Copyright (C) 1999-2011 TigerVNC Team and many others (see README.txt)
See http://www.tigervnc.org for information on TigerVNC.
root@192.168.10.86's password:

Sat Jan  3 06:55:22 2015
 CConn:       connected to host localhost port 47043
channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused
 main:        End of stream
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# yum search vnc
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.vcu.edu
 * extras: mirror.thelinuxfix.com
 * updates: mirrors.seas.harvard.edu
=============================== N/S Matched: vnc ===============================
gtk-vnc.i686 : A GTK widget for VNC clients
gtk-vnc-devel.i686 : Libraries, includes, etc. to compile with the gtk-vnc
                   : library
gtk-vnc-python.i686 : Python bindings for the gtk-vnc library
libvncserver.i686 : Library to make writing a vnc server easy
libvncserver-devel.i686 : Development files for libvncserver
tigervnc.i686 : A TigerVNC remote display system
tigervnc-server.i686 : A TigerVNC server
tigervnc-server-applet.noarch : Java TigerVNC viewer applet for TigerVNC server
tigervnc-server-module.i686 : TigerVNC module to Xorg
tsclient.i686 : Client for VNC and Windows Terminal Server
vinagre.i686 : VNC client for GNOME
xorg-x11-server-source.noarch : Xserver source code required to build VNC server
                              : (Xvnc)

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# useradd ramsingh
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# passwd ramsingh
Changing password for user ramsingh.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# su ramsingh
[ramsingh@ip-stb1 root]$ su -
Password:
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig
anaconda-ks.cfg     install.log         .xauthEdDL8p
a.txt1              install.log.syslog  .xauthh8waGl
.bash_history       .lesshst            .xauthjI2Zw1
.bash_logout        rsyncdemo/          .xauthLw8IVZ
.bash_profile       .ssh/               .xauthnu9rn3
.bashrc             .tcshrc             .xauthOz4LZi
.cshrc              .vnc/               .xauthqTOHLT
.dbus/              .xauth8XP286        .xauthZezTFA
happynewyear        .xauthBGLiU6      
happynewyear.pub    .xauthbZANTK      
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:58
          inet addr:192.168.10.87  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b358/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9856 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:8177886 (7.7 MiB)  TX bytes:472953 (461.8 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2024

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:62
          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b362/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:308 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:29790 (29.0 KiB)  TX bytes:986 (986.0 b)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x20a4

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:B3:6C
          inet addr:192.168.1.111  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe90:b36c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:307 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:29780 (29.0 KiB)  TX bytes:746 (746.0 b)
          Interrupt:16 Base address:0x2424

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:24128 (23.5 KiB)  TX bytes:24128 (23.5 KiB)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:CF:5C:D7
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

[root@ip-stb1 ~]# service vncserver restart
Shutting down VNC server:                                  [  OK  ]
Starting VNC server: 2:ramsingh
You will require a password to access your desktops.

getpassword error: Inappropriate ioctl for device
Password:                                                  [FAILED]
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# su - ramsingh
[ramsingh@ip-stb1 ~]$ vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
[ramsingh@ip-stb1 ~]$ logout
[root@ip-stb1 ~]# service vncserver restart
Shutting down VNC server:                                  [  OK  ]
Starting VNC server: 2:ramsingh xauth:  creating new authority file /home/ramsingh/.Xauthority

New 'ip-stb1.home:2 (ramsingh)' desktop is ip-stb1.home:2

Creating default startup script /home/ramsingh/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/ramsingh/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ramsingh/.vnc/ip-stb1.home:2.log

                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@ip-stb1 ~]#

Configure FTP server

Server side configuration:

1. Check for service  and install packages

rpm -qa  | grep   -i  vsftpd*

install service

yum  install vsftpd

2. Configure files

 * **    all configure files are under  /etc/vsftpd   dir ***

create dir and folder to

vi  /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

                configure as per your requirement

                local_ebable =YES

                local_umask =022

                write_enable=YES

3.Restart  and stop all  necessary  services

·         check for selinux services

check the Boolean value of selinux for FTP

getsebool -a | grep ftp

----Grant full acess  on selinux----- 

 # setsebool change allow_ftpd_full_access=on

check the status of selinux

   getenforce

set status to permissive mode

setenforce  0

·         Check satus of iptables

service iptables status

stop iptables

service iptables stop

Client side :

make sure following configuration is done

·         vsftpds install

·         iptables is disable

·         in order to run ftp in command mode use # yum  install -y ftp

now  on browerer

ftp:// IP of server   can access the default path

/var/ftp/pub

local user login by using lftp

yum install lftp

• create a local user
• set up the permission for file (ie 755 or 777)
• create dir and files user home account
• set selinux in permissive mode.(setenforce 0)
• ftp localhost
• login: user name and passwd
• ftp> ls

Stop user to login

·         vi   /etc/vsftp/ftpusers

·         add user

·         service vsftpd  reload

·         try to login vi ftp

·         login fail (530)

·          

                stop user to Rome different directory beside his.

·         vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.cong

·         add following lines or enable.

                                chroot_local_user=YES

                chroot_list_enable=YES

                chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

                Add user to allow to Rome in different dir or files

·         create a file name chroot_list inside  /etc/vsftpd

·         enter user name to allow for roaming.

Note: To check the port no of VSFTPD

netstat   -tulpn | grep vsftpd

Editing the main.cf file to configure VCS service groups for Oracle RAC

This section describes how to manually edit the /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config/main.cf file to configure VCS service groups for Oracle RAC.

Note:

Before you edit the main.cf file, change the permissions on the VCS configuration file:# haconf -makerw

You need to perform the steps in the following procedures:

To configure VCS service groups for Oracle RAC

To start VCS after modifying the configuration file

Log in as the root user to one of the systems.

As root user, save your existing configuration before you modify main.cf:

# haconf -dump -makero
If the configuration is not writable, a warning appears: "Cluster not writable." You may safely ignore the warning.

Stop the VCS engine on all systems and leave the resources available:

# hastop -all -force
Back the main.cf file:

# cd /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config
# cp main.cf main.orig
Using vi or another text editor, edit the main.cf file to add the Oracle service groups.

Save and close the main.cf file.

Verify the syntax of the file :

# cd /etc/VRTSvcs/conf/config
# hacf -verify .
For additional information and instructions on modifying the VCS configuration by editing the main.cf file:

See the Veritas Cluster Server User's Guide.

Starting VCS after modifying the configuration file

You need to start VCS for the new configuration to take effect.

To start VCS after modifying the configuration file

Start VCS on one of the systems and check its status:

# hastart
# hastatus
When "LOCAL_BUILD" is listed in the message column, start VCS on the other systems:

# hastart
On one of the systems, enter the following command to verify that the service groups for Oracle RAC are brought online:

# hagrp -display
Check the status of the groups.

# hagrp -state
Check the status of the resources.

# hares -state

Resource: Symentec

VxVM vxdg Error - cannot be added to a CDS disk group ERROR V-5-1-6478

Not able to add a disk on shared disk group.

VxVM vxdg ERROR V-5-1-6478 Device disk_1 cannot be added to a CDS disk group

Solution:

Need to execute the command on master node !

- Find which node is master node

vxdctl -c mode

- Initialize disk

vxdisksetup -i disk_1

- Add disk is diskgroup

vxdg -g diskgroup_name adddisk   a_good_disk_name=disk_1

Solaris : Add a user with home directory   

                        

You must be root (superuser) to add a user. 

-d home-directory-path
This is the new user’s home directory, typically /export/home/username

-m
make home directory and copy the default skeleton files (these files are located in /etc/skel directory).

-u uid
The uid (userid) is a number from 0 to 65535 which identifies the user on the system. uid 0 is reserved for root. If you don’t specify one, the next available uid will be used automatically.

-c “User Name”
Comment field which usually contains the name of the user. Make sure you enclose the name in quotes if it contains a space.

-s /path/to/shell
The shell to use. If you don’t specify this, it will default to /bin/sh. Make sure you specify the fully qualified path.

example:

useradd -d /export/home/ram -m -s /bin/ksh -c "ram singh" ram

Exceeds 8 characters  in veritas : Error

# mount -F /dev/dsk/c0d1s5 /abc

mount: FSType /dev/dsk/c0d1s5 exceeds 8 characters

Missing the filesystem type.

Code:

# mount -F ufs /dev/dsk/c0d1s5 /abc

My new Solaris and Linux info blog

                           Veritas 

some important commands

Setting the naming scheme

Depending on the naming scheme you have in VxVM, device names for disks are assigned. There are 2 naming schemes available :

1. OS native
2. Enclosure Based

To check the naming scheme use :

# vxddladm get namingscheme
NAMING_SCHEME       PERSISTENCE    LOWERCASE      USE_AVID
============================================================
OS Native           No             Yes            Yes

To change the naming scheme through command line

# vxddladm set namingscheme=ebn
# vxddladm get namingscheme
NAMING_SCHEME       PERSISTENCE    LOWERCASE      USE_AVID
============================================================
Enclosure Based     Yes            Yes            Yes

How to check if DMP is enabled

1. The easiest way to check whether DMP is enabled or not, is to check the vxdisk path command :

# vxdisk path
SUBPATH    DANAME    DMNAME  GROUP  STATE
c1t0d0s2   c1t0d0s2  mydg01  mydg   ENABLED
c4t0d0s2   c1t0d0s2  mydg01  mydg   ENABLED
c1t1d0s2   c1t1d0s2  mydg02  mydg   ENABLED
c4t1d0s2   c1t1d0s2  mydg02  mydg   ENABLED

As you can see, there are 2 paths for each of the 2 disks mydg01 and mydg02.

2. Another way is to check multipathing at a single disk :

# vxdisk list c2t0d0s2

Device  c2t0d0
devicetag  c2t0d0
type  sliced
hostid  system01
.
.
.
Multipathing information:
numpaths: 2
c2t0d0s2  state=enabled   type=primary
c1t0d0s2  state=disabled  type=secondary

The numpath parameter shows that there are 2 paths to the disk.

3. Alternatively we can also use the below command to check the multipathing :

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=devicename

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=c2t66d0s2

NAME       STATE[A]    PATH-TYPE[M] CTLR-NAME ENCLR-TYPE ENCLR-NAME ATTRS
=======================================================================
c2t66d0s2  ENABLED(A)  PRIMARY      c2        ACME       enc0        -
c1t66d0s2  ENABLED     PRIMARY      c1        ACME       enc0        -

Getting DMP node information

To list all the DMP nodes under all enclosures :

# vxdmpadm list dmpnode all

To list all the DMP nodes under a specific enclosure enc0 :

# vxdmpadm getdmpnode enclosure=enc0

NAME     STATE   ENCLR-TYPE PATHS ENBL DSBL ENCLR-NAME
=========================================================
c2t1d0s2 ENABLED T300        2     2    0     enc0
c2t1d1s2 ENABLED T300        2     2    0     enc0
c2t1d2s2 ENABLED T300        2     2    0     enc0
c2t1d3s2 ENABLED T300        2     2    0     enc0

To get information about a particula DMP node :

# vxdmpadm getdmpnode nodename=c0t5006016041E03B33d0s2

NAME              STATE    ENCLR-TYPE PATHS ENBL DSBL  ENCLR-NAME
====================================================================
emc_clariion0_16 ENABLED EMC_CLARiiON  6     6    0    emc_clariion0

Displaying information about paths

To display all the subpaths known to DMP :

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths

NAME      STATE[A]    PATH-TYPE[M] DMPNODENAME ENCLR-NAME CTLR ATTRS
=======================================================================
c1t65d0s2 ENABLED(A)   -           Disk_1       Disk      c1    -
c1t66d0s2 ENABLED(A)   -           Disk_2       Disk      c1    -
c2t65d0s2 ENABLED(A)   -           Disk_1       Disk      c2    -
c2t66d0s2 ENABLED(A)   -           Disk_2       Disk      c2    -

To get the information on all the subpaths connected to the same HBA card controller :

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths ctlr=c2

NAME     STATE[-]   PATH-TYPE[-] CTLR-NAME ENCLR-TYPE ENCLR-NAME ATTRS
======================================================================
c2t1d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c2t1d0s2  ACME       enc0        -
c2t2d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c2t2d0s2  ACME       enc0        -
c2t3d0s2 DISABLED   SECONDARY    c2t3d0s2  ACME       enc0        -
c2t4d0s2 ENABLED    SECONDARY    c2t4d0s2  ACME       enc0        -

Similarly, to get information on subpaths connected to the same enclosure and portid :

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths enclosure=enc0 portid=1A

NAME      STATE[A]   PATH-TYPE[M] DMPNODENAME ENCLR-NAME     CTLR ATTRS
=======================================================================
c1t65d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c1t65d0s2   enc0           c1    -
c1t66d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c1t66d0s2   enc0           c1    -

To list all the subpaths through an array port through the WWN:

# vxdmpadm getsubpaths pwwn=20:00:00:E0:8B:06:5F:19

NAME      STATE[A]   PATH-TYPE[M] DMPNODENAME  ENCLR-NAME     CTLR ATTRS
=======================================================================
c1t65d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c1t65d0s2    HDS9500-ALUA0  c1    -
c1t66d0s2 ENABLED(A) PRIMARY      c1t66d0s2    HDS9500-ALUA0  c1    -

Displaying information about controllers

To diplay all the HBA controllers available on the system :

# vxdmpadm listctlr all

CTLR-NAME    ENCLR-TYPE     STATE      ENCLR-NAME
===================================================
c1           OTHER         ENABLED     other0
c2           X1            ENABLED     jbod0
c3           ACME          ENABLED     enc0
c4           ACME          ENABLED     enc0

To list controllers under a specific enclosure :

# vxdmpadm listctlr enclosure=enc0

CTLR-NAME     ENCLR-TYPE     STATE          ENCLR-NAME
======================================================
c2            ACME          ENABLED         enc0
c3            ACME          ENABLED         enc0

Displaying information about enclosures

To list information about all enclosures in the system :

# vxdmpadm listenclosure all

ENCLR_NAME  ENCLR_TYPE  ENCLR_SNO             STATUS       ARRAY_TYPE  LUN_COUNT
================================================================================
Disk        Disk        DISKS                 CONNECTED    Disk         6
SENA0       SENA        508002000001d660      CONNECTED    A/A          57
enc0        T3          60020f20000001a90000  CONNECTED    A/P          30

To display information about specific enclosure :

# vxdmpadm listenclosure enc0

ENCLR_NAME ENCLR_TYPE ENCLR_SNO             STATUS     ARRAY_TYPE  LUN_COUNT
=============================================================================
enc0       T3         60020f20000001a90000  CONNECTED    A/P           30

Displaying I/O statistics

vxdmp iostat command can be used to gather and display I/O statistics on a specific path, DMP node or enclosure. To start gathering the statistics :

# vxdmpadm iostat start

To display I/O statistics on all paths and a cumulative r/w operations :

# vxdmpadm iostat show all
            cpu usage = 7952us    per cpu memory = 8192b
             OPERATIONS        KBYTES            AVG TIME(ms)
PATHNAME     READS WRITES      READS  WRITES     READS  WRITES
c0t0d0       1088    0         557056  0         0.00   0.00
c2t118d0     87      0         44544   0         0.00 0.00
c3t118d0     0       0         0       0         0.00 0.00
c2t122d0     87      0         44544   0         0.00 0.00

To display I/O statistics on specific pathname, DMP nodename and enclosure name :

# vxdmpadm iostat show pathname=c3t115d0s2
             cpu usage = 8132us per cpu memory = 4096b
              OPERATIONS        BYTES            AVG TIME(ms)
PATHNAME      READS WRITES     READS WRITES      READS WRITES
c3t115d0s2      0    0          0      0         0.00  0.00

# vxdmpadm iostat show dmpnodename=c0t0d0s2
             cpu usage = 8501us per cpu memory = 4096b
             OPERATIONS            BYTES           AVG TIME(ms)
PATHNAME     READS WRITES       READS  WRITES      READS  WRITES
c0t0d0s2     1088   0           557056  0          0.00    0.00

# vxdmpadm iostat show enclosure=Disk
              cpu usage = 8626us per cpu memory = 4096b
         OPERATIONS BYTES AVG TIME(ms)
PATHNAME      READS WRITES     READS WRITES      READS WRITES
c0t0d0s2      1088    0        57056  0          0.00  0.00

To specify interval and samples for iostat command :

# vxdmpadm iostat show dmpnodename=emc_clariion0_342 interval=1 count=2

To reset the I/O statistics counters to zero :

# vxdmpadm iostat reset

To disable the gathering of I/O statistics :

# vxdmpadm iostat stop

I/O policies

You can set I/O policies to distribute the load across multiple paths the storage array. The I/O policies are recorded in the file /etc/vx/dmppolicy.info. Do not edit this file manually. The I/O policies that can be configured are :

adaptive
balanced
minimumq
priority
round-robin
singleactive

To set the required policy on an array :

# vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enc1 iopolicy=[policy]

To display a set policy on the enclosure :

# vxdmpadm getattr enclosure Disk iopolicy

ENCLR_NAME       DEFAULT        CURRENT
---------------------------------------
Disk             MinimumQ       Balanced

source: http://thegeekdiary.com/a-beginners-guide-to-veritas-dynamic-multipathing-vxdmp/

Enable ssh root login in Solaris 10

1. Change the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config  change:  PermitRootLogin  to  yes 

2. restart the services

#svcadm restart svc:/network/ssh:default

Solaris 10 static IP configuration.

ifconfig interface plumb

ifconfig -a

ifconfig e1000g0 192.168.1.101/24 up

route add default 192.168.1.1

cat /etc/resolv.conf

search                local.com
nameserver       192.168.1.1



Keep settungs after rebooting
ifconfig interface plumb

cat /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1 localhost\n192.168.1.101 youhostname" > /etc/hosts

cat /etc/nodename

echo "youhostname" > /etc/nodename

cat /etc/hostname.e1000g0

echo "192.168.1.101" > /etc/hostname.e1000g0

cat /etc/netmasks

echo "192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0" >> /etc/netmasks

ls /etc/defaultrouter

echo "192.168.1.1" > /etc/defaultrouter

ls /etc/dhcp.e1000g0

rm /etc/dhcp.e1000g0

cat /etc/resolv.conf

cp /etc/nsswitch.dns /etc/nsswitch.conf

LVM SCRIPT

root@puppet tmp]# more my_LVM
# VG     FS      Size MPoint
 test_vg FS_WWW  500 /www
 test_vg FS_WWW2 500 /www2
 test_vg FS_WWW3 500 /www3
 test_vg FS_WWW4 500 /www4

[root@puppet tmp]# cat my_LVM.sh
#!/bin/sh
#
PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/bin; export PATH
echo "Please wait, filesystem creation task on progress ..."
sleep 5
cat my_LVM | grep -v "^#" | while read myvg myfs mysize mymnt
do
 #lvcreate -L 20G -n MYVOL datavg
 lvremove /dev/${myvg}/${myfs}
 lvcreate -L ${mysize}M -n ${myfs} ${myvg} 2>/dev/null
 mkfs.ext4 /dev/${myvg}/${myfs} 2>/dev/null
 mkdir -p ${mymnt}
 echo "/dev/${myvg}/${myfs} ${mymnt} ext4 defaults 1 2" >>/etc/fstab
done
mount -a; df -h
echo "Task completed. Please verify"
==========================

1. Format a disk
# fdisk /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb1

2. Create volume group
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
# vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb1

3. Display VG
# vgs; vgdisplay

4. Create volume (logical volume)
# lvcreate -L 20G -n MYLV datavg
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/datavg/MYLV

5. Mount the volume

# mount /dev/datavg/MYLV /mymount
Req:- Create following filesystem listed below,
/www 200G
/www1 200G
/www2 150G
/www3 2G
/www4 500GB
.....
/www500 20G

Planning
--------

1. Calculate the total size

2. Decide how many disk group do you need to create
No of VG 3
VG Names
datavg1
datavg2
datavg3
Config file - WEB_FS.conf   VG=datavg1 , size=1.2TB
# Mount Point Size(GB) VG  LVM Name
/www  200  datavg1  FS_WWW
/www1  87  datavg1  FS_WWW
/www100  200  datavg1  FS_WWW100

cat my_LVM.sh
#!/bin/sh
#
PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/bin; export PATH
echo "Please wait, filesystem creation task on progress ..."
sleep 5
cat WEB_FS.conf | grep -v "^#" | while read mymnt mysize myvg mylvm
do
 lvcreate -L ${mysize}G -n ${mylvm} ${myvg} 2>/dev/null
 mkfs.ext4 /dev/${myvg}/${myfs} 2>/dev/null
 mkdir -p ${mymnt}
 echo "/dev/${myvg}/${myfs} ${mymnt} ext4 defaults 1 2" >>/etc/fstab
done
mount -a; df -h
echo "Task completed. Please verify"

DNS Configuration globally

[root@server1 named]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=server1
getway=192.168.1.1

[root@server1 named]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.149   host1
192.168.0.128   host2
192.168.10.25 nserv
192.168.1.12 server1

[root@server1 named]# hostname
server1

[root@server1 etc]# cat named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
 listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
 listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
 directory  "/var/named";
 dump-file  "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
 allow-query     { localhost; };
 recursion yes;
 dnssec-enable yes;
 dnssec-validation yes;
 dnssec-lookaside auto;
 /* Path to ISC DLV key */
 bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
 managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
zone "." IN {
 type hint;
 file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
zone "mohan.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "mohan.com";
        allow-update { none; };
};
# open named.rfc1912.zones this file and copy line no 31 to 35 and paste on named.conf then configure the paste line.

[root@server1 etc]# cat named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
 type master;
 file "named.localhost";
 allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
 type master;
 file "named.localhost";
 allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
 type master;
 file "named.loopback";
 allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {     ############ copy this ############
 type master;
 file "named.loopback";
 allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
 type master;
 file "named.empty";
 allow-update { none; };
};

vi /etc/named.conf
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
zone "int.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "int.com";
        allow-update { none; };
};
[root@server1 etc]# cd /var/named/
[root@server1 named]# ls -l
total 32
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr  4 08:18 data
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr  4 06:34 dynamic
 -rw-r-----. 1 root  named 2075 Apr 23  2014 named.ca
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Dec 15  2009 named.empty
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Jun 21  2007 named.localhost
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  168 Dec 15  2009 named.loopback
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Mar 10 08:55 slaves

[root@server1 named]# cat named.localhost
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
     0 ; serial
     1D ; refresh
     1H ; retry
     1W ; expire
     3H ) ; minimum
 NS @
 A 127.0.0.1
 AAAA ::1

[root@server1 named]# cp -v named.localhost int.com
`named.localhost' -> `int.com'

[root@server1 named]# ls -l
total 32
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr  4 06:33 data
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr  4 06:34 dynamic
-rw-r-----. 1 root  root   152 Apr  4 07:58 int.com
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named 2075 Apr 23  2014 named.ca
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Dec 15  2009 named.empty
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Jun 21  2007 named.localhost
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  168 Dec 15  2009 named.loopback
drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Mar 10 08:55 slave

[root@server1 named]# cat int.com
$TTL 60
@ IN SOA int.com. dns-admin.int.com. (
     201504 ; serial
     1D ; refresh
     1H ; retry
     1W ; expire
     3H ) ; minimum
@       IN NS server1.int.com.
server1 IN A  192.168.1.12
zone name = int.com        ############################
email= dns-domain.int.com                ##############
[root@server1 named]# service named restart
Stopping named:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@server1 named]# ls -l data/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 named named 1908 Apr  4 08:40 named.run

[root@server1 named]# service named restart
Stopping named:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]

[root@server1 named]# cat data/named.run
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201504
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201504)

[root@server1 named]# dig @localhost server1.int.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @localhost server1.int.com
; (2 servers found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52998
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;server1.int.com.  IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
server1.int.com. 5184000 IN A 192.168.1.12
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
int.com.  5184000 IN NS server1.int.com.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: ::1#53(::1)
;; WHEN: Sat Apr  4 08:56:54 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 63

[root@server1 named]# cat int.com
$TTL 60D
@ IN SOA int.com. dns-admin.int.com. (
     201505 ; serial
     1D ; refresh
     1H ; retry
     1W ; expire
     3H ) ; minimum
@       IN NS server1.int.com.
server1 IN A  192.168.1.12
www IN CNAME server1.int.com
cat

[root@server1 named]# cat data/named.run
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201504
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201504)
received control channel command 'stop'
shutting down: flushing changes
stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953
stopping command channel on ::1#953
no longer listening on 127.0.0.1#53
no longer listening on ::1#53
exiting
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201505
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201505)

[root@server1 named]# cat int.com
$TTL 60D
@ IN SOA int.com. dns-admin.int.com. (
     201506 ; serial
     1D ; refresh
     1H ; retry
     1W ; expire
     3H ) ; minimum
@       IN NS server1.int.com.
 IN MX 1 server1.int.com
server1 IN A  192.168.1.12
www IN CNAME server1.int.com

root@server1 named]# service named reload
Reloading named:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@server1 named]# cat data/named.run
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201504
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201504)
received control channel command 'stop'
shutting down: flushing changes
stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953
stopping command channel on ::1#953
no longer listening on 127.0.0.1#53
no longer listening on ::1#53
exiting
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201505
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201505)
received control channel command 'reload'
loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
reading built-in trusted keys from file '/etc/named.iscdlv.key'
using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
sizing zone task pool based on 7 zones
using built-in DLV key for view _default
Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
reloading configuration succeeded
reloading zones succeeded
zone int.com/IN: int.com/MX 'server1.int.com.int.com' has no address records (A or AAAA)
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201506
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201506)

[root@server1 named]# dig @localhost int.com mx
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @localhost int.com mx
; (2 servers found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 9593
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;int.com.   IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
int.com.  5184000 IN MX 1 server1.int.com.int.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
int.com.  5184000 IN NS server1.int.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
server1.int.com. 5184000 IN A 192.168.1.12
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: ::1#53(::1)
;; WHEN: Sat Apr  4 09:18:27 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 95

[root@server1 named]# dig @localhost int.com NS
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @localhost int.com NS
; (2 servers found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35612
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;int.com.   IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
int.com.  5184000 IN NS server1.int.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
server1.int.com. 5184000 IN A 192.168.1.12
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: ::1#53(::1)
;; WHEN: Sat Apr  4 09:19:52 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 63

[root@server1 named]# dig @localhost www.int.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @localhost www.int.com
; (2 servers found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 33173
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.int.com.   IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.int.com.  5184000 IN CNAME server1.int.com.int.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
int.com.  10800 IN SOA int.com. dns-admin.int.com. 201506 86400 3600 604800 10800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: ::1#53(::1)
;; WHEN: Sat Apr  4 09:21:33 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 105

[root@server1 named]# cat int.com
$TTL 60D
@ IN SOA int.com. dns-admin.int.com. (
     201507 ; serial
     1D ; refresh
     1H ; retry
     1W ; expire
     3H ) ; minimum
@       IN NS server1.int.com.
 IN MX 1 server1.int.com
 IN MX 2 server2.int.com
server1 IN A  192.168.1.12
www IN CNAME server1.int.com

[root@server1 named]# cat data/named.run
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201504
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201504)
received control channel command 'stop'
shutting down: flushing changes
stopping command channel on 127.0.0.1#953
stopping command channel on ::1#953
no longer listening on 127.0.0.1#53
no longer listening on ::1#53
exiting
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201505
zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
managed-keys-zone ./IN: loaded serial 5
running
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201505)
received control channel command 'reload'
loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
reading built-in trusted keys from file '/etc/named.iscdlv.key'
using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
sizing zone task pool based on 7 zones
using built-in DLV key for view _default
Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
reloading configuration succeeded
reloading zones succeeded
zone int.com/IN: int.com/MX 'server1.int.com.int.com' has no address records (A or AAAA)
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201506
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201506)
received control channel command 'reload'
loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
reading built-in trusted keys from file '/etc/named.iscdlv.key'
using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
sizing zone task pool based on 7 zones
using built-in DLV key for view _default
Warning: 'empty-zones-enable/disable-empty-zone' not set: disabling RFC 1918 empty zones
reloading configuration succeeded
reloading zones succeeded
zone int.com/IN: int.com/MX 'server1.int.com.int.com' has no address records (A or AAAA)
zone int.com/IN: int.com/MX 'server2.int.com.int.com' has no address records (A or AAAA)
zone int.com/IN: loaded serial 201507
zone int.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 201507)

[root@server1 named]# nslookup server1.int.com
Server:  192.168.1.1
Address: 192.168.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: server1.int.com
Address: 54.244.91.210

/etc/passwd
 One of the most critical of all files in Linux is /etc/passwd. All user accounts are stored here, with identifying information like so:
 username:password:userID:groupID:realname:homedirectory:shell
 For example, a user “fred” who was added as user 200 and group 100 has an entry that might look like this:
 fred:x:200:100:Fred Smith:/home/fred:/bin/bash